[Hinews] In South Korea, a growing number of pyelonephritis cases are being misdiagnosed as common colds or influenza, leading to delayed treatment and serious health risks. Pyelonephritis, a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria invading the kidneys, often presents with initial symptoms like fever, chills, and fatigue—symptoms easily mistaken for a cold. This misconception often leads patients to dismiss the condition, causing them to miss critical opportunities for timely treatment.”

Unlike a common cold, pyelonephritis involves bacteria attacking kidney tissue, triggering inflammation that can escalate into life-threatening complications if untreated. Without prompt intervention, the condition may lead to sepsis, impaired kidney function, or even chronic kidney failure. Symptoms such as high fever, flank pain, dysuria (painful urination), nausea, or vomiting signal the need for immediate medical attention.

Causes and Risk Factors: Know the Triggers

The primary cause of pyelonephritis is an ascending urinary tract infection. In over 80% of cases, bacteria—typically Escherichia coli—travel from the bladder through the ureters to the kidneys. Less commonly, hematogenous spread occurs when bacteria reach the kidneys via the bloodstream. Structural abnormalities in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones, congenital urinary tract anomalies, or benign prostatic hyperplasia, increase the likelihood of bacterial proliferation and infection.
Certain groups face heightened risks. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with diabetes, undergoing chemotherapy, or taking immunosuppressive drugs, are particularly vulnerable. Lifestyle factors also play a significant role. Infrequent or delayed urination, inadequate hydration, or dehydration from excessive sweating in hot weather can elevate the risk of UTIs. Women are more susceptible than men due to their shorter urethras. Pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses require particular vigilance.

Pyelonephritis often mimics the early symptoms of a common cold, making it easy to overlook. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, however, are critical to saving lives. (Image courtesy of ClipArtKorea)
Pyelonephritis often mimics the early symptoms of a common cold, making it easy to overlook. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, however, are critical to saving lives. (Image courtesy of ClipArtKorea)


Swift Treatment and Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Recurrence

Pyelonephritis demands rapid intervention, as severe cases can become life-threatening. Antibiotics, typically prescribed for 7 to 14 days, are the cornerstone of treatment. In cases of high fever or vomiting that prevent oral medication, hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics may be necessary. If a perinephric abscess forms, additional procedures like drainage may be required.
Post-treatment, lifestyle modifications are critical to prevent recurrence. Adequate hydration, proper urination habits, and meticulous personal hygiene significantly reduce the risk. For patients with recurrent infections, further evaluation for underlying urinary tract abnormalities may be warranted.

“Pyelonephritis is not just a simple urinary tract infection—it’s a potentially life-threatening condition if early symptoms are ignored,” said Dr. Hyosang Lee, a nephrology specialist at H Plus Yangji Hospital. “High-risk patients must prioritize regular checkups and diligent lifestyle management to prevent complications.”

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