Tic disorders have become a growing health concern among South Korean children and adolescents, with prevalence rates more than doubling over the past decade. These neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by sudden, involuntary, repetitive movements or vocalizations, known as tics, which occur beyond an individual’s conscious control.
Common symptoms include eye blinking, facial grimacing, head jerking, throat clearing, and sniffing. In severe cases, individuals may exhibit both motor and vocal tics simultaneously, potentially progressing to Tourette syndrome. The primary cause of tic disorders is often linked to functional imbalances in the brain.
Far from being solely psychological, tic disorders frequently stem from structural imbalances in brain development. Experts point to disparities in the maturation rates of the left and right cerebral hemispheres or asynchronous development across brain regions as key contributors. When brain development lacks coordination, certain functions may become overactive or inadequately inhibited, manifesting as repetitive muscle movements or vocal outbursts. Disruptions in neural circuitry can exacerbate these symptoms.
Tic disorders are closely associated with abnormalities in neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and serotonin, which are critical for motor control and emotional regulation. An excess or deficiency of these neurotransmitters can intensify symptoms. Environmental factors, such as stress, sleep deprivation, and poor dietary habits, act as triggers that can precipitate or worsen tics. Notably, repeated criticism or attempts by parents or others to suppress a child’s tics can heighten anxiety, potentially entrenching the symptoms.
Genetic factors also play a significant role. Research indicates that individuals with a family history of tic disorders have a higher risk of developing the condition. Additionally, a child’s temperament, psychological resilience, and emotional regulation abilities interact with brain function imbalances to influence tic expression.
Early and accurate assessment is critical for effective management. Treatment should focus not only on symptom suppression but also on normalizing brain function while promoting emotional stability and physical balance. A comprehensive approach that considers both the child’s neurological profile and environmental factors is essential.
Tic disorders are complex neurodevelopmental conditions driven by brain developmental imbalances, neurotransmitter irregularities, and environmental triggers—not simple behavioral habits. Early diagnosis, tailored treatment, and compassionate emotional support are vital for fostering healthy brain development and improving quality of life for affected children.
Kim Kuk Ju, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
