[Hinews] “Vaginitis, often called the ‘common cold of women’s health,’ affects more than half of all women during their lifetime, making it one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions. Despite its frequency, experts caution that not all cases are benign, and overlooking symptoms can lead to serious complications.

A Condition Not to Be Ignored

Many women, viewing vaginitis as a minor inconvenience, turn to over-the-counter creams or suppositories for self-treatment. However, this approach can be risky. Certain types of vaginitis are contagious or carry the potential for complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or preterm birth if left untreated. Early diagnosis, appropriate medical intervention, and consistent lifestyle adjustments are critical to managing the condition effectively.

Causes: From Hormonal Shifts to Hygiene Practices
Vaginitis arises when the delicate balance of the vaginal ecosystem is disrupted. A healthy vaginal environment, maintained by Lactobacillus bacteria, keeps the pH between 4.0 and 4.5, creating an acidic barrier against harmful pathogens. However, factors like menopause, exposure to semen, or excessive use of vaginal cleansers can shift the vaginal pH toward alkalinity, fostering the growth of harmful bacteria.

Immune suppression from stress, fatigue, or hormonal fluctuations can also weaken the vagina’s natural defenses. Prolonged use of wet undergarments or sanitary pads, overuse of antibiotics that kill beneficial bacteria, and allergic reactions to certain soaps or chemicals can further elevate the risk of infection.

Tight pants or synthetic underwear can trap moisture and heat, increasing infection risk. (Image design = GDH AI Design Team)
Tight pants or synthetic underwear can trap moisture and heat, increasing infection risk. (Image design = GDH AI Design Team)


Four Common Types of Vaginitis and Their Characteristics

Vaginitis manifests in several forms, each with distinct causes and symptoms:

  1. Candida Vaginitis: This yeast infection, usually caused by Candida albicans, affects about 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. It is characterized by white, cheese-like discharge and intense itching. While odor is typically minimal, painful intercourse or urination may occur. Risk factors include diabetes, recent antibiotic use, and pregnancy, which increases estrogen levels.

  2. Bacterial Vaginosis: This results from an imbalance in vaginal flora, allowing harmful bacteria to proliferate. Symptoms include thin, yellowish or grayish-white discharge with a fishy odor. Itching is usually mild, but the condition can progress to cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease, potentially leading to infertility or chronic pelvic pain. Asymptomatic cases can make early detection challenging.

  3. Trichomonas Vaginitis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan, this type presents with frothy, yellow discharge, a foul odor, itching, and painful urination. If untreated, it can cause cystitis or pelvic inflammatory disease and raise the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women. Its contagious nature underscores the need for prompt treatment.

  4. Atrophic Vaginitis: Common after menopause due to declining estrogen levels, this condition causes vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, and occasional bleeding. Inflammatory discharge, often pale yellow or green, may also occur. Though symptoms may start mild, they can significantly impair quality of life.

Tailored Treatments and Prevention Strategies

Treatment varies by type. Candida vaginitis is typically managed with antifungal agents like oral fluconazole, vaginal suppositories, or creams. Bacterial vaginosis is treated with antibiotics such as metronidazole, administered orally or as a vaginal gel or cream. Trichomonas vaginitis requires antibiotics, and because it is sexually transmitted, simultaneous treatment of partners is essential. For atrophic vaginitis, estrogen-based creams, suppositories, or oral hormone replacement therapy can be effective, often supplemented with vaginal moisturizers or lubricants for symptom relief.

Prevention hinges on maintaining vaginal bacterial balance. Consuming Lactobacillus probiotic supplements can help restore beneficial flora. Good hygiene is essential: wash the vaginal area with lukewarm water once or twice daily, avoid overuse of cleansers, and choose breathable cotton underwear. Changing out of wet clothing promptly, especially after exercise, also reduces risk.

Diet plays a role as well. Reducing refined sugar intake and prioritizing vegetables and protein-rich foods can bolster immunity, helping to prevent infections.

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