Waterborne Diseases Thrive in Contaminated Floodwaters
Sewage-contaminated floodwaters have created an ideal environment for waterborne diseases such as typhoid fever, shigellosis, norovirus gastroenteritis, hepatitis A, and cholera. These pathogens spread primarily through contaminated food, water, or unwashed hands.
Shigellosis, triggered by Shigella bacteria, causes high fever, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and dehydration. With an incubation period of one to three days, its high transmissibility necessitates strict isolation measures.
Norovirus gastroenteritis typically causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches, with symptoms appearing 12 to 48 hours after exposure. The virus spreads rapidly, and vulnerable groups, including the elderly and children, face a higher risk of severe dehydration that may require hospitalization.
Dr. Lee emphasizes hygiene practices: “Washing hands with soap for at least 30 seconds before eating or after restroom use is critical. Consume only boiled or bottled water, refrigerate cooked foods promptly, and thoroughly disinfect household items or cooking utensils exposed to floodwater. Wear waterproof boots and rubber gloves during cleanup to minimize contact with contaminants.”
Skin Infections Increase After Floodwater Exposure
Exposure to contaminated floodwater increases the risk of skin infections and dermatologic conditions, including contact dermatitis, impetigo, and cellulitis.
Impetigo, most common in children, presents with honey-crusted lesions and is highly contagious, often spreading among family members.
Contact dermatitis, triggered by exposure to heavy metals or chemical irritants, causes itching, erythematous rashes, vesicles, and stinging sensations. Treatment typically involves antihistamines or topical corticosteroids.
Bacterial cellulitis, caused by bacteria penetrating deep into the skin, results in localized warmth, pain, and edema. Delayed treatment can lead to sepsis, highlighting the importance of early medical intervention.
Dr. Lee notes, “Fungal infections such as tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and candidiasis are also common due to mold proliferation. Prompt medical evaluation is vital if symptoms emerge.”
Tetanus Risk Increases Following Flood-Related Injuries
Tetanus, a potentially fatal infection caused by Clostridium tetani spores in soil or animal waste, can enter the body through wounds sustained during flood cleanup. Symptoms include muscle spasms and rigidity. Dr. Lee advises, “Clean wounds immediately with soap and running water and consult a healthcare provider to confirm tetanus vaccination status. Those with unclear immunization history require a booster, and deep or heavily contaminated wounds may need tetanus immune globulin.”
Mold and Respiratory Pathogens Proliferate in Humid Conditions
The hot, humid conditions following floods promote mold growth and respiratory infections, including epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, mold-induced respiratory illness, and allergic asthma exacerbations. Individuals with chronic conditions are particularly susceptible to secondary bacterial infections or pneumonia.
Preventive measures include frequent indoor ventilation, prompt laundering or disposal of water-damaged items, and dehumidifier use to control moisture.
Mental Health and Hygiene Critical in Recovery
Flood-related stress, sleep disturbances, and depression present major public health concerns. Dr. Lee stresses, “Mental health services and counseling are essential components of disaster response. Patients with chronic conditions must maintain access to medications through local health centers or relief organizations.”
In temporary shelters, where crowded living conditions facilitate disease spread, strict adherence to hygiene protocols—such as frequent handwashing and environmental disinfection—is crucial. Visiting mobile clinics to verify vaccination status and receive immunizations is also recommended.
Lim Hye Jung, HEALTH IN NEWS TEAM
press@hinews.co.kr
